PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE IN HINDI AND ENGLISH

Simple Present Tense points out an action which takes place in the present, but it isn’t necessary for actions to take place at current moment. It is one part of the present tense which also includes present perfect, present continuous and present perfect continuous. Itis used to indicate universal truth, scientific facts, unchanging situations, habits, fixed arrangements and regularly occurring events.Verb used in simple present tense is of base form (V1).

सरल वर्तमान काल एक ऐसी क्रिया को इंगित करता है जो वर्तमान में होती है, लेकिन वर्तमान समय में होने वाली क्रियाओं के लिए यह आवश्यक नहीं है। यह वर्तमान काल का एक हिस्सा है जिसमें वर्तमान परिपूर्ण, वर्तमान निरंतर और वर्तमान परिपूर्ण निरंतर शामिल हैं। इटिस सार्वभौमिक सत्य, वैज्ञानिक तथ्यों, अपरिवर्तनीय स्थितियों, आदतों, नियत व्यवस्थाओं और नियमित रूप से होने वाली घटनाओं का संकेत देता था। साधारण वर्तमान काल में प्रयोग किया जाने वाला वेरब बेस फॉर्म (V1) का है।

पहचान : अगर वाक्ये के अंत मे ता है,ती है,ते है,तेहो,ता हुँ आदि आता है

The sentences in simple present tense can be of following form:

AFFIRMATIVE/POSITIVE FORM:

Syntax:

Subject (I, You, We, They) + V_1 ( First Form of Verb ) +Object + rest of sentence.

Subject (He/She) + s/es  (First Form of Verb) +Object + rest of sentence.

Use of S or ES in Present indefinite tense

The verb always ends in -s if the subject is third-person singular:
Ex:

• He drives (वह ड्राइव करता है)
• She plays (वह खेलती है)
• He takes (वह लेता है)
• She jumps (वह उछलती है)

Verbs ending in – y : the third person changes the -y to -ies:

Examples:

• fly- flies,
• try-tries

Exception:

if there is a vowel before the -y:

• play-plays,
• pray-prays

Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:

Examples:

• he passes (वह गुजरता है),
• she catches (वह पकड़ती है),
• he fixes (वह ठीक करता है),
• it pushes (यह धक्का देता है)

More Affirmative Sentences Examples

He helps you – वह आपकी मदद करता है

She helps me – वह मुझे मदद करती है

you respect your elders – आप अपने बड़ों का सम्मान करते हैं

I respect my teachers – मैं अपने शिक्षकों का सम्मान करता हूं

I learn my lesson daily मैं अपना पाठ रोज सीखता हूं

NEGATIVE SENTENCES : 

Syntax: Subject ( I, You, We, They ) + do not  + V₁  ( First Form of Verb ) +  +Object + rest of sentence.

Syntax: Subject ( He/She ) + does not  + V₁  ( First Form of Verb ) +  +Object + rest of sentence.

कभी नहीं  – अगर नेगेटिव वाकया है कभी नही अत है तो आपको Never का प्रयोग करना चाइये

Examples

• The moon does not shine in the day – चंद्रमा दिन में नहीं चमकता है
• These boys do not make a noise – ये लड़के शोर नहीं करते
• I do not go for a walk – मैं टहलने नहीं जाता
• You never tell a lie – तुम कभी झूठ नहीं बोलते
• I never eat too much – मैं कभी ज्यादा नहीं खाती
• I do not smoke – मैं धूम्रपान नहीं करता
• She does not speak  – वह बोलती नहीं है
• He goes not go daily with me – वह मेरे साथ रोज नहीं जाता
• She does not attend the class daily – वह रोज क्लास नहीं आती

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES :

यदि वाकया के शुरू में क्या शब्द हो तो Do या Does का प्रयोग करते है ,अगर Singular subject है तो Does ,
अगर Plural Subject है तो Do का प्रयोग करते है |

Do + Subject ( I, You, We, They ) + V₁  ( First Form of Verb ) + Object + rest of sentence + question mark(?)

Does + Subject ( He/She ) + V₁  ( First Form of Verb ) + Object + rest of sentence + question mark(?)

कभी नहीं – अगर नेगेटिव वाकया है कभी नही अत है तो आपको Never का प्रयोग करना चाइये

Does/Do + Subject +Never + V₁  ( First Form of Verb ) + Object + rest of sentence + question mark(?)

यदि वाकया के बीच में which, what, how, where, etc  हो तो

Wh word (which, what, how, where, etc.) + do/does/is/are + subject (I, We, They, etc.) + V1 (First form of word) + object + rest of sentence + question mark (?)

Examples of Interrogative Sentences

Does he helps the poor?

Do you not read a novel?

Does your father never go for a walk?

Who does teache you Hindi?

When do you sleep daily?

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS USED:

• To express unchanging situations, habits, universal facts, repeated actions or, emotions and wishes:
  I drink tea in evening (habit); I live in paris(unchanging situation); sun is bigger than earth (general truth)
• To give orders or directions:
  You run for one hundred meters.
• To express fixed arrangements:
  Your test starts at sharp 10:30 in the morning.

Some More EXAMPLEs of Present Indefinite Tense:

• For habits-
  She drinks coffee at night.
  He wakes up early in the morning.
• For repeated actions or events-
  We catch the bus every morning.
  It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
• For general truths-

Boiling point of water is 100°C.
The Moon rotates around the Earth.
Her father is a doctor by profession.

• For instructions or directions-
  Stay in home during the outbreak.
  You take the No.6 bus to Byculla and then the No.10 to
• For fixed arrangements-
  Tomorrow is a holiday to the school on account of Raksha Bandhan.
  Our office starts on the 26th March
• With future constructions-
  She’ll see you before she arrives.
  You’ll give it to her when she leaves.